Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Mismatch Responses Evoked by Sound Pattern Violation in the Songbird Forebrain Suggest Common Auditory Processing With Human

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.822098

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sequence designs used in the passive auditory paradigm and averaged event-related potentials (ERPs) to pure tones. (A) Schematic diagram of the oddball paradigm. Deviant stimuli (dark gray squares) were presented randomly in ascending and descending oddball sequences. Light gray squares indicate standard/control stimuli to be analyzed for neural responses. (B) Sound spectrograms of the song elements and contact calls used as auditory stimuli (left). Examples of the triplets used in the triplet sequence (right). (C) Averaged ERPs were recorded from each hemisphere in response to the randomized standard sequence ( n = 7, 1–8 kHz presented at an equal probability of p = 0.125). There was no significant difference in ERPs between the two channels in all experiments. (D) Representative Nissl-stained parasagittal section showing the location of the electrode. ERP, event-related potential; Hp, hippocampus; CMM, caudomedial mesopallium; L, field L; NCM, caudomedial nidopallium; D, dorsal; V, ventral; R, rostal; C, caudal. Arrowheads indicate the electrode tract.

Article Snippet: Then, recording electrodes (Platinum-Iridium wires coated with Teflon with bare tips, 0.127 mm diameter, impedance 5 MΩ) of a wireless dual-channel transmitter (weight: 2.3 g, EPOCH-T2; Biopac Systems Inc., Goleta, CA, United States) were stereotactically implanted into bilateral NCM.

Techniques: Sequencing, Control, Staining

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Context-dependent relationships between locus coeruleus firing patterns and coordinated neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex

doi: 10.7554/eLife.63490

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Approximately sagittal MRI section showing targeted recording locations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (areas 32, 24b, and 24c) and locus coeruleus (LC) for monkey Ci (right), with the SC and IC shown for reference. For recording locations in monkeys, Oz, Sp, and Ci (left hemisphere), see ; . ( B ) Schematic of a coronal section showing structures typically encountered along electrode tracts to LC (adapted from ; Plate 90, Interaural 0.3; bregma 21.60).

Article Snippet: Recording and microstimulation in these brainstem-targeting tracks were conducted using custom-made electrodes (made from quartz-coated platinum-tungsten stock wire from Thomas Recording) and a Multichannel Acquisition Processor (Plexon, Inc).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Haloperidol–induced catalepsy is ameliorated by deep brain stimulation of the inferior colliculus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19990-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: 30 Hz deep brain stimulation of the IC ameliorates haloperidol-induced catalepsy. ( a) Electrode placements in the IC for 30 Hz-DBS (black dots) and sham-DBS (white dots) on coronal sections from the Paxinos and Watson atlas. (b) Illustration of experimental protocol. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was first confirmed during a pre-test (PRE) by measuring the step-down latency from a horizontal bar on three consecutive trials, using a 300 s stop criterion. Rats then received sub-chronic 30 Hz-DBS at the IC for 5 min and were submitted to a second catalepsy test under continued stimulation (DUR). The procedure for sham-DBS was identical except that no current was administered. (c) Time spent in haloperidol-induced catalepsy before (PRE) or during (DUR) either 30 Hz-DBS or sham-DBS of the IC. The dotted line indicates the control step-down latencies following saline administration (1.0 ml/kg, i.p.) obtained 1 day before testing for haloperidol-induced catalepsy. The saline scores did not differ between 30 Hz-DBS and sham-DBS and were therefore averaged across groups. The time spent in haloperidol-induced catalepsy strongly decreased from PRE to DUR in response to 30 Hz-DBS of the IC, resulting in a clear reduction compared to sham-DBS, where no change was seen. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. n = 7 for sham-DBS, n = 9 for 30 Hz-DBS. # P < 0.05 vs. PRE; * P < 0.05 vs. sham-DBS.

Article Snippet: A stimulation electrode (platinum electrode, iridium oxide coated, 250 μm outer diameter; Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Germany) was introduced vertically into the central nucleus of the IC using the following coordinates with lambda as reference from Paxinos and Watson : anteroposterior = 1.2 mm; mediolateral = −1.5 mm; and dorsoventral = 4.5 mm.

Techniques: Control, Saline

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Haloperidol–induced catalepsy is ameliorated by deep brain stimulation of the inferior colliculus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19990-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: 30 Hz deep brain stimulation of the IC does not induce aversive behaviour. (a ) Escape likelihood as determined by the ratio of rats showing escape vs. no escape behaviour in the open field during 5 min sham-DBS (white) or 30 Hz-DBS (black), ranging from 1 (all rats showing escape) to -1 (no rat showing escape). Escape behaviour was completely absent in all rats of both groups. (b) Number of quadrant crossings during the open field saline session. Quadrant crossings did not differ between 5 min 30 Hz-DBS and sham-DBS. (c) Number of rearings during the open field saline session. Rearings were highly comparable between 5 min 30 Hz-DBS and sham-DBS. (d) Escape thresholds (minimum current intensity producing intense jumping or running) determined during 2500 Hz stimulation of the IC. Escape thresholds did not differ between groups. (e) Scatterplot depicting the relationship between individual escape thresholds at 2500 Hz (x-axis) and the change in the time spent in haloperidol-induced catalepsy from baseline following 30 Hz-DBS of the IC (y-axis). No correlation was found. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. n = 5–7 for sham-DBS, n = 9 for 30 Hz-DBS. * P < 0.05 vs. sham-DBS.

Article Snippet: A stimulation electrode (platinum electrode, iridium oxide coated, 250 μm outer diameter; Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Germany) was introduced vertically into the central nucleus of the IC using the following coordinates with lambda as reference from Paxinos and Watson : anteroposterior = 1.2 mm; mediolateral = −1.5 mm; and dorsoventral = 4.5 mm.

Techniques: Saline

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Haloperidol–induced catalepsy is ameliorated by deep brain stimulation of the inferior colliculus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19990-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: 30 Hz deep brain stimulation of the IC promotes a mild form of conditioned place preference. (a) Illustration of conditioned place preference (CPP) protocol, consisting of a 5 min baseline session on day 1, 4 × paired (black) and unpaired (white) 5 min conditioning trials on day 2, and a 5 min CPP test on day 3. (b,c) Differences cores (CPP test – baseline) reflecting the change in time spent on the stimulation-paired and unpaired side from baseline to CPP test. (b) The time spent on the paired side significantly increased following place conditioning with 30 Hz-DBS of the IC, resulting a clear difference from the change in time spent on the unpaired side, i.e. where rats received sham-DBS and a non-significant decrease was seen. (c) No such effects were seen following sham-DBS. (d,e) Time spent on the stimulation-paired and unpaired side during baseline and CPP test. (d) 30 Hz-DBS of the IC promoted a mild preference for the stimulation-paired side during CPP test. (e) No such preference was seen following in rats receiving sham-DBS on both side chambers. (f,g) Preference scores [time paired/(time paired + unpaired)] during baseline and CPP test. (f) Preference scores slightly increased from baseline to CPP test in the 30 Hz-DBS group. (g) No such change was seen in sham-DBS controls. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. n = 5 for sham-DBS, n = 10 for 30 Hz-DBS. # P < 0.05, (#) P < 0.10 vs. baseline, * P < 0.05, ( * ) P < 0.10 vs. unpaired.

Article Snippet: A stimulation electrode (platinum electrode, iridium oxide coated, 250 μm outer diameter; Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Germany) was introduced vertically into the central nucleus of the IC using the following coordinates with lambda as reference from Paxinos and Watson : anteroposterior = 1.2 mm; mediolateral = −1.5 mm; and dorsoventral = 4.5 mm.

Techniques: Conditioned Place Preference

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Haloperidol–induced catalepsy is ameliorated by deep brain stimulation of the inferior colliculus

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19990-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: 30 Hz deep brain stimulation of the IC induces no anxiety-related behaviour. ( a ) Electrode placements in the IC for 30 Hz-DBS (black dots) and sham-DBS (white dots) on coronal sections from the Paxinos and Watson atlas. (b) Illustration of the elevated plus maze (EPM) protocol. Rats were first stimulated sub-chronically for 5 min with 30 Hz-DBS of the IC and submitted to the EPM for a duration of 5 min, with stimulation being continued throughout testing. The procedure in sham-DBS controls was identical except that no current was administered. (c) Percent time spent on open and closed arms. ( d ) Open and closed arm entries. There were no significant differences between 30 Hz-DBS and sham-DBS control. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. n = 10 for sham-DBS, n = 8 for 30 Hz-DBS. * P < 0.05 vs. sham-DBS.

Article Snippet: A stimulation electrode (platinum electrode, iridium oxide coated, 250 μm outer diameter; Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Germany) was introduced vertically into the central nucleus of the IC using the following coordinates with lambda as reference from Paxinos and Watson : anteroposterior = 1.2 mm; mediolateral = −1.5 mm; and dorsoventral = 4.5 mm.

Techniques: Control